Final exam

I will post any questions and answers that I receive about the exam here, so that all students have access to the same information.

Q1.  How do I cite information from class slides/lectures?

A1.  In-text citation would be as usual – (Liberatos, 2020).  Citation in reference list (includes date of lecture) would be:

Liberatos, P. (2020, November, 4).  Integration.  Lecture presented as part of Behavioral and Social Factors in Public Health course.  New York Medical College, School of Health Sciences & Practice.

If you are citing, more than 1 lecture then you would also include the date of lecture in the in-text citation.  Of course the reference list would use a hanging indent as always.

Q2.  For Q4, I don’t understand about the 3 issues.  Do I have to create issues not in the article or the issues are already there and I have to just talk about them?

A2.  What I am asking you to do for Q4. of the exam is to think about some of the things that you have learned in this class after reading your chosen article. Is there anything that you have learned that perhaps the authors may not have considered or included in their study. For example, if the article was about a study promoting breastfeeding through prenatal education classes to mothers. I might then say, well perhaps the authors could have also tried to involve the partners in targeting educational information because we know from the theory of planned behavior that in addition to trying to change the mother’s attitude towards breastfeeding, we should also focus on changing subjective social norms which the mother’s partner would be a part. I am trying to get you to think about what you learned and apply it to other situations.

Q3.  If I am using information (paraphrase, not quote) I’ve found in a periodical and the author is citing someone else (another study, perhaps), do I cite the article I’m reading, or do I need to find the original source(s)? I’d want to find the original source if I want more detail, but sometimes I don’t need more detail and the high-level cited info is enough.

A3.  Yes this indeed happens sometimes.  The correct way to cite this is as follows.  Let’s say that Barrajas et al., 2013 is cited by Cassar et al., 2017 and you have read the Cassar article but not the Barrajas article.  Your in-text citation would be:  (Barrajas et al., 2013 as cited by Cassar et al., 2017).  In your reference list then you would list the Cassar article in the usual way but not the Barrajas article since you did not review it directly.

Q4.  Please explain the difference between final exam Q2b and c.

A4.  I will try to give you an example in a different area. Let’s say that I want to cook a dinner (this can be seen as a goal like I want to get more women to breastfeed). There are going to be certain steps that I will need to do in order to make the dinner.  For example:  1) Think about what the dinner might consist of; 2) Find a recipe; 3) Review the ingredients needed; 4) Go to the market to get any ingredients I don’t have; 5) Designate a time to prepare the meal; 6) Assemble the ingredients; 7) Follow the recipe to prepare the meal.  

So these steps show you what I would need to do in order to prepare any meal.  You don’t yet know what meal I am preparing, just the steps that I would need to follow to prepare a meal.  This is the same as with Q2b.  For any intervention, what would be the recommended steps that you would need to take to develop a community-based intervention?

Now for Q2c, I am asking you to decide what you will do for your intervention.  In my cooking example, in this part I would tell you what I am cooking and how I am preparing it.  For example, let’s say I am making chicken and potatoes.  I will use chicken thighs marinated in lemon juice, olive oil, garlic and dill that will be roasted in the oven with potatoes.

Similarly, for this part you need to tell me what type of program you will do to address your health problem.  So for breastfeeding, am I going to include breastfeeding promotion in prenatal classes? will I do outreach to partners to encourage them to support the mother in breastfeeding? will I run a mass media campaign using fashion models breastfeeding?  I could do any one of these as an intervention and for all of them I would follow the same basic steps that you will outline in Q2b.

PS:  The steps are in my slides from INTERVENTIONS SLIDES