M100 Nervous system
Unit IV – Problem-Based Learning (PBL) Exercise
Clinical Applications of Neuroanatomical Knowledge
There are 3 parts to this unit, Part I is within this document and is worth 50 points. Part II is the Connect assignment over the Brain/Nerves worth 10 points. Part 3 is a discussion forum that is worth 10 points. All 3 parts are worth a total of 70 points.
Part I: Focusing on Medical Terminology Relating to Neurological Health
Use your textbook and internet searches to briefly define the following medical terms which are clinically relevant to neurological health.(2 points each = 30 points). Add spaces where needed while you are filling out the answers.
- Meningitis:
- Aneurysm:
- Epidural Hematoma:
- Subdural Hematoma:
- Concussion:
- Traumatic Brain Injury:
- Contusion:
- Second Impact Syndrome:
- Hydrocephalus:
- Ataxia:
- Migraine:
- Cerebral Palsy:
- Functions of the pyramids of the medulla:
14-15.Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) (4 pts):
Part I. Focusing on Clinical Application of Anatomy and Terminology
Herman is a 70-year-old black male who lives in a small town along the river in Kentucky. As he has aged recently, his medical history has become somewhat complicated since his retirement from a successful career in education which culminated in holding a position as an assistant superintendent for the local school district. Herman was always very dedicated to his job and was recently interviewed by his grandson, a pre-med student, for a school project which involved taking a mock patient history. The interview revealed that Herman now freely admits that he did not take enough time in his busy younger years to adequately take care of himself because he was so focused on his career. He was never an athletic person and as his career heated up, he spent even less time being physically active. He was unfortunately quite tied to a desk as much of his job involved paperwork and putting out figurative fires that arose within the district. As a result, Herman gained quite a bit of weight throughout his time in the district and eventually developed sleep disturbances. He visited a doctor for his poor sleeping and underwent a sleep test which revealed that he was having sleep apnea episodes and had high cholesterol associated with his body habitus and poor lifestyle decisions. Herman has always had relative difficulty breathing as he grew up in a town where tobacco was the cash crop and everyone smoked and he never has kicked the habit. After smoking heavily since his teenage years, Herman has developed quite the case of chronic obstructive pulmonary disorder (COPD) which only complicates his sleep apnea. Since the interview with his grandson, Herman has unfortunately taken a turn for the worse. One Sunday, Herman was drinking a beer with his son and watching a football game which got particularly intense. During the game, Herman’s son noticed that his father suddenly became unintelligible in his speech patterns and began slurring his speech and making very little sense. Additionally, his movements did not seem entirely coordinated and his mouth on one side of his face seemed to be drooping. Fortunately, Herman’s son is a trained EMT and was able to recognize what was going on and immediately called 911 for help!
A: Consider risk factors for stroke. For help, consult the Mayo Clinic website about stroke at the following link: http://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/stroke/home/ovc-20117264 .
(6 points- ½pt each factor)
Lifestyle Risk Factors
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Other Risk Factors
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Medical Risk Factors
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B: Discuss the symptoms and complications of stroke. Again, for help, consult the Mayo Clinic website. (4 points)
C: Given what you know about this patient, what aspects of Herman’s lifestyle are contributing to his risk of suffering a stroke? And what aspects of his general medical history and demographic predispose him for being more susceptible to suffering a stroke? (4 points)
D: If Herman’s doctor diagnoses him with having suffered a stroke, he will need to undergo rehabilitation and therapy to facilitate his recovery. What sort of expectations might the doctor advise for Herman’s family as far as how quickly he may or may not be able to make a full recovery? And what sorts of therapy and rehab might Herman have to go through to aid in his recovery? (4 points)
E: This question is to be answered in the Discussion Forum in your Module (10 points)
Stroke is the 5th leading cause of death in adults in the United States. It is also the most common neurological disorder affecting adults in the United States.Despite these alarming statistics, 80% of strokes are preventable. What sorts of changes can Herman make in his life to help cut down on the likelihood that he could suffer a stroke?
Part II: Focusing on Neuroanatomical Knowledge: The Brain
Complete the Connect assignment over the Brain and Cranial nerves (10 pts)
Optional: Label the 12 cranial nerves and the following structures on the image of the brainstem below: midbrain, pons, medulla and pyramids. This should help you with your next lab exam.
