Side and adverse effects of commonly prescribed medications for major depression disorder – be specific, include related nursing interventions with medications.
QUESTION
Side and adverse effects of commonly prescribed medications for major depression disorder – be specific, include related nursing interventions with medications. This is for Mental health course use nursing interventions with medication and sources. Please e-book mentioned; Varcarolis’ Foundations of Psychiatric Mental Health Nursing
Margaret Halter, and
Nursing Diagnosis Handbook: An Evidence-Based Guide to Planning Care
by Ackley MSN EdS RN, Betty J.
ANSWER
Side Effects and Adverse Reactions of Commonly Prescribed Medications for Major Depressive Disorder: Nursing Interventions and Considerations
Introduction
Major Depressive Disorder (MDD) is a prevalent mental health condition that often requires pharmacological intervention as part of its treatment. While medications for MDD can be highly effective, they are not without potential side effects and adverse reactions. In this essay, we will explore the specific side effects associated with commonly prescribed medications for MDD and discuss nursing interventions and considerations to mitigate these effects.
Selective Serotonin Reuptake Inhibitors (SSRIs)
SSRIs, such as fluoxetine (Prozac) and sertraline (Zoloft), are commonly prescribed for MDD. They work by increasing the availability of serotonin in the brain. Some potential side effects include:
Nausea and gastrointestinal disturbances: Nurses can advise patients to take the medication with food to minimize these effects. If symptoms persist, switching to an alternative SSRI or adjusting the dosage may be considered.
Sexual dysfunction: It is crucial to assess and discuss sexual side effects with patients. Nurses can provide education and support, including referral to sexual health specialists if necessary.
Activation or agitation: Monitoring patients for signs of restlessness or anxiety is essential. Dose adjustments or a switch to a different medication class may be required.
Serotonin-Norepinephrine Reuptake Inhibitors (SNRIs)
SNRIs, such as venlafaxine (Effexor) and duloxetine (Cymbalta), increase the levels of both serotonin and norepinephrine in the brain. Common side effects and nursing interventions include:
Elevated blood pressure: Nurses should monitor patients’ blood pressure regularly, especially during dose titration. If hypertension becomes problematic, a dose adjustment or alternative medication may be considered.
Sweating and increased body temperature: Providing patients with cooling measures and maintaining a comfortable environment can help alleviate these symptoms.
Withdrawal symptoms: SNRIs can cause discontinuation syndrome when abruptly stopped. Nurses should educate patients on the importance of gradual dose reduction under medical supervision.
Tricyclic Antidepressants (TCAs)
TCAs, such as amitriptyline (Elavil) and nortriptyline (Pamelor), are an older class of antidepressants. Although they are less commonly prescribed today, they may still be used in certain cases. Key side effects and nursing interventions include:
Sedation and drowsiness: Nurses should advise patients to take TCAs at bedtime to minimize daytime drowsiness. Regular assessments for falls risk and monitoring of cognitive function are essential.
Anticholinergic effects: TCAs can cause dry mouth, blurred vision, constipation, and urinary retention. Nurses should encourage patients to maintain oral hygiene, provide lubricating eye drops, promote adequate hydration, and assess bowel and bladder function regularly.
Cardiac effects: TCAs may have potential cardiovascular side effects, such as orthostatic hypotension and arrhythmias. Monitoring vital signs, especially blood pressure, is crucial. Collaboration with the healthcare team to assess cardiac health and adjust doses accordingly is necessary.
Conclusion
While medications play a significant role in the management of Major Depressive Disorder, it is essential to be aware of the potential side effects and adverse reactions associated with these drugs. Nursing interventions, including patient education, close monitoring, and collaboration with the healthcare team, are crucial in mitigating these effects. By incorporating these interventions, nurses can ensure the safe and effective use of medications, ultimately promoting the well-being and treatment outcomes of individuals with Major Depressive Disorder.
